Copper

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 Each sub‑product page contains material datasheets, dimension options and quotation guidance. If you cannot locate your target grade, please [contact us] for custom‑grade support.

 

 

T1 / T2 Oxygen-Bearing Copper (ETP)
T1 (Cu+Ag ≥99.95%) and T2 (Cu+Ag ≥99.90%) with oxygen content 0.02–0.05%. Conductivity reaches 100% IACS at 20°C. T2 is the standard choice for busbars, windings, and large-section conductors — high conductivity with excellent cost-performance.

 

TU1 / TU2 Oxygen-Free Copper (OF)
TU1 (O ≤0.001%) and TU2 (O ≤0.003%). Conductivity 100–101% IACS, slightly better than oxygen-bearing copper. Three core advantages: resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, no risk of early melting, and stable vacuum brazing performance . Used where reliability requirements are strict — vacuum components, high-reliability electrical systems, and applications requiring superior ductility and forming.

 

TP1 / TP2 Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper (DHP)
Residual phosphorus 0.012–0.040%. Conductivity 97–99% IACS. Excellent welding compatibility and hydrogen embrittlement resistance. The ideal choice for piping and heat exchange components , with very low contact resistance.

 

 

C14500 (Tellurium Copper) / C14700 (Sulfur Copper)
Conductivity ≈85–95% IACS — far higher than brass. Used for precision turned terminals and threaded parts . Performance superior to brass in electrical applications where machinability is also required.

 

 

CuCrZr / CuCr (C18150 / C18200)
Conductivity 75–85% IACS, balancing conductivity with structural strength. Outstanding high-temperature mechanical properties — strength retention at elevated temperature. Used for spot welding electrodes, contact bases, and mold thermal components .

 

C19400 (Cu-Fe-P Alloy)
Conductivity ≈60% IACS, with high mechanical strength and excellent overall mechanical properties. Used for semiconductor lead frames, terminals, and precision electronic components requiring structural strength and stable conductivity.

 

CuNiSi Series (CW111C / C70250)
Conductivity 45–60% IACS, with outstanding elastic performance and strong strain recovery. Used for connector springs, relay reed contacts, and precision components requiring both elasticity and conductivity.

 

 

 

Brass Series (H63 / H65, Cu-Zn) C27200 / C27000

Conductivity ≈20–30% IACS. Excellent formability and machinability, outstanding cost-performance. Used for tubes, strips, heat dissipation parts, housings, nuts, valve bodies, and structural components. Not recommended for high-current main conductors due to lower conductivity.

Tin Bronze Series C51900 / C52100

Conductivity 10–20% IACS. Excellent wear resistance and elastic performance. Used for bearings, spring contacts, and mechanical components requiring wear resistance and elasticity.

Beryllium Copper C17200

Conductivity 18–22% IACS. Extremely high elastic limit and long fatigue life — among the highest overall performance in copper alloys. Used for high-end precision springs and core components with extreme requirements for performance stability and service life.

Aluminum Bronze C62300 / C63000 / C95200/ C95800

High strength, excellent corrosion resistance, seawater resistance. Used for gears, bushings, marine equipment, propeller components, valve stems, pump bodies, and heavy-duty wear parts.

Silicon Bronze C65500 

High tensile strength, corrosion and fatigue resistance. Used for springs, marine fasteners, and conductive elastic components.

 

 

 

 

Your Priority	Recommended Grade	Conductivity
Highest conductivity, busbars, windings	T2 / TU1 / TU2	100–101% IACS
Hydrogen embrittlement resistance, vacuum brazing	TU1 / TU2	100–101% IACS
Piping, heat exchangers, welding compatibility	TP1 / TP2	97–99% IACS
High-temperature conductors	TAg0.1	Near pure copper
Precision turned terminals	C14500 / C14700	85–95% IACS
Spot welding electrodes, mold thermal parts	CuCrZr / CuCr	75–85% IACS
Lead frames, terminals	C19400	~60% IACS
Connector springs, relay reeds	CuNiSi / C70250	45–60% IACS
Motor rotor bars, guide rails	Cu-Mg / Cu-Sn	Moderate
Housings, nuts, valve bodies	H63 / H65 brass	20–30% IACS
Bearings, spring contacts	Tin bronze	10–20% IACS
Precision springs, high fatigue life	QBe2 / C17200	18–22% IACS
Marine, gears, bushings	Aluminum bronze	—
Springs, marine fasteners	Silicon bronze	—

 

Comparison of copper and copper alloy grades

 

 

 

GB/T Grade	ASTM/UNS	Properties	Typical Applications
T1 / T2	C11000	High conductivity, oxygen-bearing	Busbars, windings, large-section conductors
TU1 / TU2	C10200 / C10300	Oxygen-free, hydrogen embrittlement resistant	Vacuum components, high-reliability electrical systems
TP1 / TP2	C12000 / C12200	Phosphorus-deoxidized, weldable	Piping, heat exchangers
TAg0.1	C11300	Silver-bearing, high softening temperature	High-temperature conductors
C14500	C14500	Tellurium copper, free-cutting	Precision turned terminals
C14700	C14700	Sulfur copper, free-cutting	Precision turned terminals
CuCrZr	C18150 / C18200	High-temperature strength, high conductivity	Spot welding electrodes, mold thermal parts
C19400	C19400	High strength, moderate conductivity	Lead frames, terminals
CuNiSi	CW111C / C70250	Elastic, moderate conductivity	Connector springs, relay reeds
QBe2	C17200	High strength, moderate conductivity	Springs, mold inserts, precision mechanical components
QBe1.7	C17000	Ultra-high strength	Elastic elements, wear-resistant parts
QBe1.9	C17500 (CW103C)	High conductivity, excellent softening resistance	Resistance welding electrodes
QBe0.6-2.5	C17510 (CW110C)	High conductivity, elevated softening temperature	Welding electrodes, spot welding tips
QAl9-4	C61900	High strength, good corrosion resistance	Gears, bushings, sleeves
QAl10-4-4	C63000	Nickel aluminum bronze, seawater corrosion resistant	Marine equipment, propeller components, valve stems
QAl10-5-5	C63200	High strength, superior anti-corrosion performance	Pump bodies, heavy-duty wear parts
QAl11-6-6	C95500	High-strength cast aluminum bronze	Heavy load gears, bearing segments
—	C95800	Cast nickel aluminum bronze	Seawater pumps, valve castings
QSi3-1	C65500	High tensile strength, corrosion & fatigue resistance	Springs, marine fasteners
QSi1-3	C64700	Balanced high conductivity & mechanical strength	Conductive elastic components
H62	C28000	Good machinability	Bars, tubes, standard fasteners
H65	C27000	Excellent ductility	Tubes, strips, heat dissipation parts
H59	C37700	Free-cutting property	Valve bodies, hardware fittings
HPb59-1	C36000	Lead brass, easy for CNC turning	Precision turned components
HSn70-1	C44300	Tin brass, anti-corrosion	Condenser tubes, heat exchangers
QSn6.5-0.1	C51900	Wear & corrosion resistance, good elasticity	Springs, bearings, bellows
QSn8-0.3	C52100	High strength and wear resistance	Heavy-duty bushings, wear liner

 

 

 

 

 

Q1: What is the difference between T2 and TU1 copper?

A: T2 is oxygen-bearing copper (Cu+Ag ≥99.90%, O 0.02–0.05%) with 100% IACS conductivity. TU1 is oxygen-free copper (O ≤0.001%) with 100–101% IACS conductivity. TU1 offers resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, no early melting risk, and stable vacuum brazing — used where reliability requirements are strict. Choose T2 for cost-effective busbars and windings; choose TU1 for vacuum or high-reliability applications.

 

Q2: What is oxygen-free copper used for?

A: Oxygen-free copper (TU1/TU2) is used for vacuum components, high-reliability electrical systems, and applications requiring superior ductility and forming . Its three core advantages are resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, no risk of early melting, and stable vacuum brazing performance . It is the preferred material when reliability requirements are strict and cost is secondary to performance.

 

Q3: What is the difference between oxygen-free copper and phosphorus-deoxidized copper?

A: TU1/TU2 are oxygen-free copper with O ≤0.001–0.003% and conductivity 100–101% IACS. TP1/TP2 are phosphorus-deoxidized copper with residual P 0.012–0.040% and conductivity 97–99% IACS. TP1/TP2 offer excellent welding compatibility and hydrogen embrittlement resistance and are ideal for piping and heat exchangers. Choose TU1/TU2 for maximum conductivity; choose TP1/TP2 for welding and piping.

 

Q4: What is the difference between T2 copper and brass?

A: T2 copper has 100% IACS conductivity and is used for busbars, windings, and large-section conductors. Brass (H62/H59) has 20–30% IACS conductivity — far lower — but offers excellent machinability and cost-performance. Choose copper for electrical conductors; choose brass for structural components, housings, and fittings where high conductivity is not required.

 

Q5: What is CuCrZr used for?

A: CuCrZr (C18150/C18200) has 75–85% IACS conductivity and outstanding high-temperature mechanical properties. It is used for spot welding electrodes, contact bases, and mold thermal components where both high-temperature strength and thermal conductivity are required.

 

Q6: What is C19400 used for?

A: C19400 (Cu-Fe-P alloy) has ≈60% IACS conductivity and high mechanical strength. It is used for semiconductor lead frames, terminals, and precision electronic components requiring structural strength and stable conductivity.

 

Q7: What is the difference between beryllium copper and phosphor bronze?

A: Beryllium copper (QBe2/C17200) has 18–22% IACS conductivity and extremely high elastic limit and long fatigue life — among the highest overall performance in copper alloys. Phosphor bronze (QSn6.5-0.1/C51900) has 10–20% IACS conductivity and good wear and corrosion resistance. Choose beryllium copper for high-end precision springs requiring maximum fatigue life; choose phosphor bronze for general spring and bearing applications.

 

Q8: What is the difference between aluminum bronze and tin bronze?

A: Aluminum bronze (QAl9-4/C61900, QAl10-4-4/C63000) offers high strength and excellent seawater corrosion resistance — used for marine equipment, propeller components, gears, and bushings. Tin bronze (QSn6.5-0.1/C51900) offers excellent wear resistance and elasticity — used for bearings, spring contacts, and bellows. Choose aluminum bronze for marine and high-load applications; choose tin bronze for wear and spring applications.

 

Q9: What is the highest conductivity copper alloy?

A: TU1/TU2 oxygen-free copper achieves 100–101% IACS — the highest conductivity in the copper family. T2 oxygen-bearing copper follows at 100% IACS. Among alloys, CuCrZr achieves 75–85% IACS while retaining high-temperature strength, and C19400 achieves ≈60% IACS with high mechanical strength.

 

Q10: What supply forms are available for copper products?

A: We supply copper and copper alloy products in strip, foil, rod, bar, and tube forms. Custom services include precision slitting, sizing, annealing, surface treatment, and custom tempers . Small batch trials and large production orders are both accepted, serving electronics, new-energy, marine, automotive, and general industrial projects .

 

Q11: What is the difference between oxygen‑bearing copper(T2) and oxygen‑free copper(TU2)?

A: TU2 oxygen‑free copper controls oxygen content ≤0.003%, resisting hydrogen embrittlement and avoiding premature melting during vacuum brazing. T2 oxygen‑bearing copper offers excellent conductivity with better cost performance. Choose TU2 for vacuum‑brazed or high‑reliability working conditions.

 

Q12: When should I select CuCrZr (C18150) copper alloy?

A: C18150 CuCrZr balances high electrical conductivity and high‑temperature mechanical strength. It is preferred for spot welding electrodes, contact bases and mould parts working under repeated high‑temperature loads.

 

Q13: What are typical applications for C70250 CuNiSi copper alloy?

A: C70250 CuNiSi features great spring property together with moderate conductivity. It is widely adopted for electronic connector springs, relay blades and precision elastic components.

 

Q14: Beryllium copper or tin bronze, which one for my spring parts?

A: Beryllium copper(C17200) delivers superior elastic limit and fatigue life for high‑end critical components. Tin bronze is cost‑effective for general‑purpose springs, bearings and bushing parts with lower load requirements.

 

Q15: Can you supply custom size copper strip, foil or rods?

A: Yes. We provide custom slitting, cutting and semi‑finished machined parts. Please offer your grade, dimension, tolerance and application requirements for a formal quote.

 

Q16: Are your copper materials certified?

A: Our copper products pass SGS ROHS and REACH testing. Test reports can be provided upon request. 

 

Q17: Can I request samples before placing a bulk order?

A: Absolutely. We offer sample quantities for customer evaluation. Please let us know your required specifications (diameter, wall thickness, length, and surface condition), and we will arrange shipment promptly. For new customer we need you pay for the sample costs, as old customer sample costs are typically credited against your next bulk order.

 

Q18: What is the Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ)?
A: Normally MOQ is 200kg, We always expect more opportunities with you. But for some special material or special size let's communicate the actual status.

 

Q19: What is your lead time?
A: For standard sizes in stock, we ship within 10-15 working days. For custom sizes or normalized heat treatment, lead time is typically 30-40 working days (depending on specifications and quantity). We always provide a clear delivery schedule before order confirmation and strictly adhere to it.

 

Q20: What payment terms do you accept?
A: We accept T/T, L/C, and other common methods. For new customers, we usually require 50% deposit and 50% balance before shipment. Flexible terms can be negotiated for long-term partners

 

Q21: What if I find quality issues after receiving the goods?
A: We provide a 100% quality guarantee. If any non-conformity is found, please provide photos and test data within 7 working days of receipt. We will respond within 48 hours and agree on replacement, return, or compensation terms.

As one of the leading copper manufacturers in China, we warmly welcome you to buy high quality copper at competitive price from our factory. For more cheap products, contact us now.